FDAFDA recall Z-2394-2026 · Jun 24, 2026

ARROW INTERNATIONAL, LLC: Description/REF: MIDLINE CATHETER KIT: 3 FR X 20 CM/CDC-02031-MK1A recall

Recall found

Product

Description/REF: MIDLINE CATHETER KIT: 3 FR X 20 CM/CDC-02031-MK1A; AM/AT PI MIDLINE 1L: 4.5FR X 15CM/CDC-41541-MPK1A; AM/AT PI MIDLINE 2L: 5.5FR X 15CM/CDC-41552-MPK1A; AGBA PI MIDLINE 1L: 4.5FR X 15CM/ASK-41541-VFHM; AGBA PI MIDLINE 1-L: 4.5FR X 15CM/CDC-41541-MPK; AGBA PI MIDLINE 1-L: 4.5FR X 15CM/CDC-41541-MPKB; AGBA PI MIDLINE 1-L: 4.5FR X 15CM/CDC-41541-MPKC; AGBA PI MIDLINE 2-L: 5.5FR X 15CM/CDC-41552-MPK; AGBA PI MIDLINE 2-L: 5.5FR X 15CM/CDC-41552-MPKB; AGBA PI MIDLINE 2-L: 5.5FR X 15CM/CDC-41552-MPKC; PI MIDLINE 1-L: 4FR X 20CM/CDC-32041-MPK; PI MIDLINE 1-L: 4FR X 20CM/CDC-32041-MPKB; PI MIDLINE 1L: 4FR X 20CM/CDC-32041-MPKC; PI MIDLINE 2-L: 5FR X 20CM/CDC-32052-MPKB; PI PICC NaviCurve: 1L 4FR x 55CM w BP/DLX-35541-CURVB; PI PICC: 1L 4FR x 55CM w Biopatch/DLX-35541-HPKB; PI PICC: 1L 4FR x 55CM w CHG/DLX-35541-HPKC; PI PICC: 2L 5FR x 55CM w Biopatch/DLX-35552-HPKB; PI PICC: 2L 5FR X 55CM w CHG/DLX-35552-HPKC; PI PICC: 3L 6FR x 55CM w Biopatch/DLX-35563-HPKB; AGBA PICC/DELTA KIT: 1L 4.5 FR X 40 CM/ASK-44041-NS; AGBA PICC/DELTA FG: 2L 5.5 FR X 40 CM/ASK-44052-NS; AGBA PICC/DELTA KIT: 1L 4.5 FR X 50 CM/ASK-45041-NS; PI PICC KIT: 2L 5.5 FR X 50 CM/ASK-45052-TG; PI AGBA PICC KIT: 3L 6 FR X 50 CM W/VPS/ASK-45063-NS; PICC KIT: 1L 4.5 FR X 55 CM CG+ VPS/ASK-45541-RH; AGBA PICC: 1L 4.5FR x 55CM w Teg CHG/DLX-45541-HPKC; AGBA PICC: 2L 5.5FR x 55CM w Teg CHG/DLX-45552-HPKC; AGBA PICC NaviCurve: 3L 6FR x 55CM TCG/DLX-45563-CURVC; AGBA PICC: 3L 6FR x 55CM w Biopatch/DLX-45563-HPKB; AGBA PICC: 3L 6FR x 55CM w Teg CHG/DLX-45563-HPKC; PI PICC KIT: 1-L 4 FR X 55 CM TIPTRACKER/CDC-35541-TTS; PI PICC NaviCurve: 1L 4FR x 55CM w CHG/DLX-35541-CURVC; PI PICC G4 Stylet: 1L 4FR x 55CM w BP/DLX-35541-VPSB; PI PICC NaviCurve: 2L 5FR x 55CM w CHG/DLX-35552-CURVC; PI PICC G4 Stylet: 2L 5FR x 55CM w BP/DLX-35552-VPSB; PI PICC G4 Stylet: 2L 5FR x 55CM w CHG/DLX-35552-VPSC; PI PICC NaviCurve: 3L 6FR x 55CM w CHG/DLX-35563-CURVC; PI PICC G4 Stylet: 3L 6FR x 55CM w CHG/DLX-35563-VPSC; AGBA PICC/DELTA KIT: 1-L 4.5 FR X 40 CM/CDC-44041-VPS2; PICC KIT: 1L 4.5 FR X 55 CM VPS/ASK-45541-UWH1; PI AGBA PICC KIT: 2L 5.5FR X 55CM W/ VPS/ASK-45552-UWH1; AGBA PICC G4 Stylet: 1L 4.5FR x 55CM BP/DLX-45541-VPSB; ACCESS TRAY/ASK-04001-NWM; ACCESS TRAY/ASK-04001-VCUH3; PI PICC:1L 4FR X 40CM PRELOAD VPS STYLET/CDC-34041-VPS; PI PICC:2L 5FR X 50CM PRELOAD VPS STYLET/CDC-35052-VPS; ACCESS KIT/ASK-04001-BWK2; ARROW(R) VPS(R) ACCESS KIT/ASK-04001-DU11; MULTI LUMEN PI CVC KIT: 3L 7 FR X 6 IN/ASK-42703-PVD; MULTI LUMEN PI CVC KIT: 3L 7 FR X 16CM/ASK-12703-LMDTG1; MULTI LUMEN PI CVC KIT: 3L 7 FR X 8IN/ASK-15703-ECMC4; MULTI LUMEN PI CVC KIT: 3L 7 FR X 20 CM/ASK-15703-PNM; CVC KIT: 3 LUMEN 12 FR X 6IN/ASK-22123-UAB; 2-L CVC KIT: 4 FR X13 CM/CDC-24402-X1A; LBCVC KIT: 3L 12 FR X 20 CM AGB/CDC-25123-X1A; CVC KIT: 3L 7 FR X 16 CM/ASK-42703-CPR; CVC KIT: 2L 8 FR X 6 IN (16 CM) AGB+/ASK-42802-DMC2; CVC KIT: 2 LUMEN 8 FR X 8 IN (20 CM)/ASK-45802-PCMH1; PI CVC KIT: 3L 7 FR X 6 IN (16 CM) AGB+/ASK-42703-MM1; PI CVC KIT: 3L 7 FR X 16 CM AGB+/ASK-42703-PHUMC1; PI CVC KIT: 3L 7 FR X 16 CM AGB+/ASK-42703-PMSG1; MULTILUMEN PI CVC KIT: 3L 7 FR X 6/ASK-42703-POSU3; PI CVC KIT: 3L 7 FR X 16 CM AGB+/ASK-42703-PSAU1; PI CVC KIT: 3L 7 FR X 16 CM AGB+/ASK-42703-RHR1; PI CATHETER 2L: 8 FR X 16 CM AGB+/ASK-42802-DU1; PI CVC KIT: 2L 8 FR X 6 IN/ASK-42802-PHF4; PI CVC KIT: 2L 8 FR X 16 CM AGB+/ASK-42802-PHHN1; MULTILUMEN CVC KIT: 2L 8 FR X 6 IN/ASK-42802-POSU3; PI CVC KIT: 2-L 8 FR X 16 CM AGB+/ASK-42802-PUCD1; MULTI-LUMEN CVC KIT:2-L 8FR X 6IN (16CM)/ASK-42802-PWHC1; PI CVC KIT: 2L 8 FR X 16 CM AGB+/ASK-42802-UHC; PI CVC KIT: 4L 8.5 FR X 16 CM AGB+/ASK-42854-MCY1; PI CVC KIT: 3L 7FR X 8IN (20 CM) AGB+/ASK-45703-BCH; PI CVC KIT: 3L 7 FR X 20 CM AGB+/ASK-45703-EMC; PI CVC KIT: 3 LUMEN 7 FR X 8 IN (20 CM)/ASK-45703-MHMC1; PI CVC KIT: 3-L 7 FR X 20 CM AGB+/ASK-45703-NWM; MULTILUMEN PI CVC KIT: 3L 7 FR X 20 CM/ASK-45703-PCOR; MULTILUMEN PI CVC KIT: 3L 7 FR X 20 CM/ASK-45703-PIMH; MULTI LUMEN CVC KIT: 3L

Reason for recall

Lidocaine, Bupivacaine, and 0.9% sodium chloride, the subject of a supplier recall, were included into kits and sets. The supplier was found to have quality issues and limited reports of drug ineffectiveness, and if sterility of a water-based injectable product is compromised this could lead to serious or life-threatening injuries.

What to do

FDA enforcement reports don't include consumer instructions. Check the codes below against your packaging. If this is a medicine or device you use, talk to your pharmacist or doctor before you stop or change anything, and contact the company or FDA for what to do with the product.

Recall details

FDA classification: Class I: FDA's most serious class, where use of or exposure to the product may cause serious health problems or death.
Status: Ongoing
Codes, lots and dates: REF(Material)/UDI-DI/Lot(Batch): CDC-02031-MK1A/10801902193275/33F25C0444; CDC-41541-MPK1A/10801902193275/33F24L1137; CDC-41552-MPK1A/10801902193275, 50801902130162/33F24L0382, 33F25A0315, 33F25B0630, 33F25K0421, 33S24B0571; ASK-41541-VFHM/10801902193275, 10801902218862/33F24L1080, 33F25B0475, 33F25C0351, 33F25D0404, 33F25E0556, 33F25E0784, 33F25F0186, 33F25J0218, 33F25K0077, 33F25K0100, 33F25M0182, 33F26A1549, 33F26B0823; CDC-41541-MPK/10801902193275, 10801902193275/33F25H0768, 33S23K0382; CDC-41541-MPKB/10801902193275, 10801902205411/33F24H0429, 33F24K0043, 33F24M0067, 33F24M0149, 33F25A0390, 33F25B0099, 33F25B0343, 33F25C0578, 33F25E0421, 33F25F0401, 33F25G0515, 33F25G0710, 33F25H0817, 33F25J1008, 33F25L0015, 33F25L0050, 33F25L0295, 33F25M0499, 33F26A0330, 33X25J0003; CDC-41541-MPKC/10801902205435, 10801902193275/33F24D0982, 33F24F0166, 33F24F0167, 33F24H0398, 33F24H0454, 33F24J0380, 33F24J0389, 33F24K0581, 33F24L0182, 33F24M0022, 33F24M0077, 33F25A0348, 33F25B0228, 33F25B0281, 33F25B0289, 33F25B0344, 33F25C0513, 33F25C0532, 33F25C0558, 33F25D0710, 33F25D0736, 33F25F0020, 33F25F0025, 33F25F0032, 33F25H0818, 33F25J0577, 33F25J0657, 33F25L0251, 33F25L0296, 33S25A0211, 33F26C0435; CDC-41552-MPK/10801902201505/33F24D0561, 33F26B0490, 33S24A0521; CDC-41552-MPKB/10801902193275, 10801902205428/33F24J0183, 33F24J0221, 33F24L0010, 33F24L0173, 33F24M0114, 33F25B0223, 33F25B0299, 33F25D0724, 33F25F0436, 33F25G0640, 33F25K0354, 33F25L0265, 33F26B1048; CDC-41552-MPKC/10801902205442, 10801902193275/33F24C0861, 33F24D0343, 33F24F0090, 33F24K0474, 33F25C0208, 33F25D0559, 33F25E0827, 33F25H0608, 33F25J0434, 33F25M0248, 33F26A1559, 33F26C0776; CDC-32041-MPK/10801902193275, 10801902201475/33F25C0701, 33F25H0613, 33F25J0433, 33F25L0115, 33F25M0250, 33F26B0436; CDC-32041-MPKB/10801902205398, 10801902193275/33F24D0854, 33F24F0897, 33F24L0952, 33F25B0502, 33F25D0512, 33F25E0825, 33F25G0327, 33F25J0327, 33F25M0210, 33F26B0434, 33S23E0870; CDC-32041-MPKC/10801902193275/33F25D0513, 33F25H0590, 33F26A1387; CDC-32052-MPKB/10801902205404, 10801902193275/33F24F0825, 33F24L0381, 33F25D0514, 33F25H0609; DLX-35541-CURVB/10801902193275, 10801902208757/33F25D0674, 33F25J0186, 33S23G0883, 33S23H0988; DLX-35541-HPKB/10801902193275/33F25D0129, 33F25E0708; DLX-35541-HPKC/10801902193275/33F25D0244, 33F25E0830; DLX-35552-HPKB/10801902193275/33F25D0246, 33F25D0518, 33F25F0149; DLX-35552-HPKC/10801902193275, 10801902216721/33F25D0247, 33F25D0519, 33F25H0460, 33S23K0380; DLX-35563-HPKB/10801902193275/33F25K0318; ASK-44041-NS/10801902193275, 10801902216462/33F24L0347, 33S23H0298; ASK-44052-NS/10801902193275, 10801902216455/33F25A0302, 33S23J0265; ASK-45041-NS/10801902216677/33S24A0529; ASK-45052-TG/10801902193275/33F24L0864, 33F25D0409, 33F25H0490, 33F26A1379; ASK-45063-NS/10801902193275/33F24L1002; ASK-45541-RH/10801902193275/33F25B0574, 33F25E0607, 33F25H0427, 33F25J0161, 33F26A1412; DLX-45541-HPKC/10801902208849, 10801902193275/33F24D0604, 33F25D0128, 33F25E0763, 33F25J0131, 33F25M0315, 33F26B0456; DLX-45552-HPKC/10801902208856, 10801902193275/33F24F0097, 33F25C0450, 33F25D0252, 33F25D0625, 33F25G0321, 33F25H0601, 33F26B0213; DLX-45563-CURVC/10801902193275, 10801902208740/33F25A0321, 33F25B0635, 33F25D0522, 33F25E0766, 33F25G0394, 33F26C0707; DLX-45563-HPKB/10801902193275/33F25D0384, 33F25F0226; DLX-45563-HPKC/10801902208863, 10801902193275/33F24D0184, 33F25B0698, 33F25E0661, 33F26A1545; CDC-35541-TTS/10801902193275/33F25B0468; DLX-35541-CURVC/10801902193275, 10801902216684/33F25D0574, 33F25E0759, 33F25G0216, 33F25H0591, 33F25M0200, 33F26B0192; DLX-35541-VPSB/10801902193275, 10801902208665/33F25C0212, 33F25D0378, 33F25E0831, 33F25F0101, 33F25G0364, 33F25J0128, 33F25J0256, 33F25K0193, 33F25M0164, 33F26A1131, 33F26B0180, 33F26C0699; DLX-35552-CURVC/10801902193275, 10801902216714/33F25C0373, 33F25D0619, 33F25F0222, 33S24C0282; DLX-35552-VPSB/10801902193275, 10801902208672/33F25B0536, 33F25D0248, 33F25D0379, 33F25D0575, 33F25H0471, 33F25H0603, 33F26C0042; DLX-35552-VPSC/10801902193275, 10801902216738/33F25B0389, 33F25D0249, 33F25J0122, 33F25J0335, 33F25M0445, 33F26A0470, 33S24B0733; DLX-35563-CURVC/10801902193275, 10801902216745/DLX-35563-CURVC, DLX-35563-CURVC, DLX-35563-CURVC; DLX-35563-VPSC/10801902193275, 10801902216769/33F25C0395, 33F26B0380; CDC-44041-VPS2/10801902193275, 50801902120699/33F24K0430, 33S23L0922; ASK-45541-UWH1/10801902193275, 10801902217216/33F24L0991, 33F25C0198, 33F25E0572, 33F25H0457, 33F25J0400, 33F25M0151, 33F26B0384; ASK-45552-UWH1/10801902193275/33F24L0431, 33F25B0576, 33F25G0212, 33F25H0589, 33F25J0225, 33F25M0229, 33F26A1554; DLX-45541-VPSB/10801902193275, 10801902208603/33F24L1122, 33F25B0679, 33F25D0064, 33F25D0521, 33F25H0403, 33F25H0605, 33F26C0119; ASK-04001-NWM/10801902193275, 10801902222715/33F25F0005, 33F25F0125, 33F26A1493, 33F26B0829; ASK-04001-VCUH3/10801902214895, 10801902193275/33F24D0895, 33F24F0785, 33F24L1087, 33F25B0172, 33F25F0161, 33F25G0221, 33F25H0522, 33F25J0198, 33F26B0228, 33F26B0831, 33F26C0534; CDC-34041-VPS/10801902193275/33F24L0236; CDC-35052-VPS/10801902193275/33F25E0425; ASK-04001-BWK2/10801902193275/33F25A0226, 33F25D0389, 33F25E0519, 33F25F0076, 33F25F0139, 33F25H0660, 33F25J0347, 33F26A1341; ASK-04001-DU11/10801902193275/33F25C0425, 33F25D0328, 33F25F0140, 33F25H0506; ASK-42703-PVD/10801902156966, 10801902193275/33F24F0977, 33F24L1004, 33F25C0302, 33F25K0144, 33F26B0157; ASK-12703-LMDTG1/10801902193275, 10801902205688/33F25D0262, 33F25G0280, 33F26B0212; ASK-15703-ECMC4/10801902159950, 10801902193275/33F24E0649, 33F24F1039, 33F25B0439; ASK-15703-PNM/10801902193275/33F25E0312; ASK-22123-UAB/10801902144956, 10801902193275/33F24F0854, 33F24L0318, 33F25C0281, 33F25D0267, 33F25D0593, 33F25J0380; CDC-24402-X1A/10801902193275, 10801902168099/33F24L1111, 33F25C0206, 33F25E0747, 33F25G0341, 33F25H0554, 33F25J0324, 33F26A1561, 33F26B0165, 33F26B0803; CDC-25123-X1A/10801902193275, 10801902168105/33F25B0675, 33F25D0501, 33F25E0887, 33F25G0379, 33F26A1562, 33F26B0892; ASK-42703-CPR/10801902193275, 10801902135220/33F25C0744, 33F25E0234, 33F25J0559, 33F25J0797, 33F25K0401, 33F26B0244; ASK-42802-DMC2/10801902193275/33F25E0005; ASK-45802-PCMH1/10801902193275/33F25D0034; ASK-42703-MM1/10801902193275, 10801902221916/33F25E0509, 33F25E0559, 33F25M0205, 33F25M0449, 33F26A1659, 33F26B0196; ASK-42703-PHUMC1/10801902193275/33F25E0009, 33F25G0174, 33F25G0682, 33F25L0138, 33F26A0234; ASK-42703-PMSG1/10801902193275/33F25F0363; ASK-42703-POSU3/10801902193275, 10801902222579/33F25D0758, 33F25E0563, 33F25L0109, 33F26A1436, 33F26B0782; ASK-42703-PSAU1/10801902193275, 10801902159486/33F25A0258, 33F25C0300, 33F25D0543, 33F25J0108, 33F25J0273, 33F25M0093, 33F26B0758; ASK-42703-RHR1/10801902193275, 10801902163643/33F25E0311, 33F25G0262, 33F25H0425, 33F25L0060, 33F26A0238, 33F26C0483; ASK-42802-DU1/10801902161007, 10801902193275/33F24C0924, 33F24F0870, 33F24L0870, 33F25D0356, 33F25E0566, 33F25F0191, 33F25J0285, 33F26B0423; ASK-42802-PHF4/10801902200485, 10801902193275/33F24F0759, 33F25B0357, 33F25B0478, 33F25E0568, 33F25F0079, 33F25G0176, 33F25J0392, 33F25M0059, 33F26A1528, 33F26B0190, 33F26B0793; ASK-42802-PHHN1/10801902193275/33F25E0004, 33F25G0265, 33F25K0045, 33F25M0065; ASK-42802-POSU3/10801902193275, 10801902222586/33F25D0759, 33F25E0569, 33F25F0193, 33F25G0186, 33F25J0393, 33F26A1548, 33F26B0859; ASK-42802-PUCD1/10801902193275/33F25E0313, 33F25E1206; ASK-42802-PWHC1/10801902193275, 10801902134858/33F25B0498, 33F25E0680, 33F25F0195, 33F25J0160, 33F26B0418, 33F26C0164; ASK-42802-UHC/10801902193275, 10801902159745/33F25C0306, 33F25E0605, 33F25J0289, 33F26B0200; ASK-42854-MCY1/10801902193275, 10801902220995/33F24H0126, 33F24J0099, 33F25B0479, 33F25E0570, 33F25F0196, 33F25J0396, 33F26B0779; ASK-45703-BCH/10801902193275, 10801902222784/33F25F0004, 33F25F0117, 33F25G0184, 33F25G0185, 33F25H0508, 33F26A1381, 33F26B0876; ASK-45703-EMC/10801902160468, 10801902193275/33F24D0579, 33F24L0911, 33F25D0411, 33F25G0406, 33F25M0181, 33F26C0225; ASK-45703-MHMC1/10801902193275, 10801902213850/33F25B0580, 33F25D0366, 33F25E0574, 33F25G0224, 33F25H0463, 33F25J0231, 33F26B0129; ASK-45703-NWM/10801902193275/33F25F0006, 33F25F0105, 33F25M0009, 33F26A1463; ASK-45703-PCOR/10801902193275/33F24L0088, 33F25C0736, 33F25H0755; ASK-45703-PIMH/10801902193275/33F25B0588; ASK-45703-PK/10801902193275/33F25A0271, 33F25E0623; ASK-45703-PLGH2/10801902144536, 10801902193275/33F24D0901, 33F24F0995, 33F24L0213, 33F24L0964, 33F25C0315; ASK-45703-PMM4/10801902193275/33F25A0272; ASK-45703-PMM5/10801902193275, 10801902221947/33F25E0505, 33F25E0624, 33F25G0192, 33F25L0105, 33F25L0269, 33F26A1368, 33F26B0207, 33F26C0153; ASK-45703-POSU3/10801902193275, 10801902222593/33F25D0760, 33F25E0576, 33F25E0686, 33F25M0097, 33F26A1346, 33F26B0148, ASK-45703-PPHP1/10801902193275/33F24K0067, 33F25C0584, 33F25G0555, 33F26A0240; ASK-45703-PSAM/10801902116373, 10801902193275/33F24E0560, 33F24G0518, 33F24J0638, 33F25C0818, 33F25G0144, 33F25J0931, 33F26B0509; ASK-45703-PUCD1/10801902193275, 10801902221640/33F25D0237, 33F25D0607, 33F25H0653, 33F25K0159, 33F25M0228, 33F26A1499, 33F26B0374; ASK-45703-PUNCC2/10801902164268, 10801902193275/33F24D0696, 33F24F0690, 33F24K0439, 33F25B0598,33F25D0373, 33F25E0690, 33F25F0147, 33F25H0204, 33F25H0631, 33F25J0233, 33F26B0415; ASK-45854-PAMC1/10801902193275/33F25C0363, 33F25H0519, 33F25K0162, 33F26A0524; ASK-45854-PLGH1/10801902193275/33F24L0191, 33F25B0361, 33F25E0309, 33F25H0775, 33F26A0247; CDC-45802-XPN1A/10801902193275/33F25A0290, 33F25B0632, 33F25E0757, 33F25J0255, 33F26A1565; CDC-42703-XPN1A/10801902193275, 10801902162066/33F25F0069, 33F25F0332, 33F25H0879, 33F25H0881, 33F25J0224, 33F25J0693, 33F25J0697, 33F25J0717, 33F25J0721, 33F25L0014, 33F25L0250, 33F25M0019, 33F25M0028,33F26A0312, 33F26A0338, 33F26B0624, 33F26C0066, 33F26C0074, 33F26C0087, 33F26C0101, 36F25A0010, 36F25B0035, 36F25B0038, 36F25B0069, 36F25E0017, 36F25G0013, 36F25H0001, 36F25H0002, 36F25H0026, 36F25J0003; CDC-45703-PB1A/10801902117202, 10801902193275/33F24C1072, 33F24E0626, 33F24F0945, 33F25E0754, 33F25G0581, 33F25H0435, 33F25J0118, 33F25J0328; CDC-45854-P1A/30801902117275/33F24D0700, 33F24F0086, 33F24F0794, 33F25C0210, 33F25D0571, 33F25E0705, 33F25G0276, 33F25H0444, 33F25J0121, 33F25J0184, 33F25K0191, 33F26A1558, 33F26B0886;
Quantity: 177,014
Distribution: US Nationwide distribution including in the states of VA, NY, UT, SC, LA, MN, PA, AZ, CA, MI, OH, FL, CT, KS, IL, TX, WI, GA, NC, MD, OR, AK, NH, IA, ND, OK, NM, AL, MA, KY, WA, AR, CO, IN, ME, TN, WY, NJ, SD, MS, MO, MT, DE, ID, NE, WV, RI, VT, NV, HI, DC, PR.
Recalling firm: ARROW INTERNATIONAL, LLC, Morrisville, NC
Voluntary or mandated: Voluntary: Firm initiated
Recall started: 2026-04-21

Source: openFDA enforcement record Z-2394-2026 · search recall number Z-2394-2026 in FDA's Enforcement Report.

Copied from the agency record without changes. Data as of Oct 22, 2026, 4:56 AM EDT. The agency notice is the final word.